Effects of Numerical Surface Form in Arithmetic Word Problems

Adults’ simple arithmetic performance is more efficient when operands are presented in Arabic digit (3 + 5) than in number word (three + five) formats. An explanation provided is that visual familiarity with digits is higher respect to number words. However, most studies have been limited to single-digit addition and multiplication problems. In this article, we examine to what extent format effects can be found in the context of arithmetic [...]

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