Correcting Two-Sample z and t Tests for Correlation: An alternative to One-Sample Tests on Difference Scores

In order to circumvent the influence of correlation in paired-samples and repeated measures experimental designs, researchers typically perform a one-sample Student t test on difference scores. That procedure entails some loss of power, because it employs N – 1 degrees of freedom instead of the 2N – 2 degrees of freedom of the independent-samples t test. In the case of non-normal distributions, researchers typically substitute the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for [...]

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